Predictores del síndrome premenstrual: resultados de un grupo focal de adolescentes tardías en un colegio privado de enfermería en Kerala, India. Un enfoque de método mixto
Resumen
Contexto: El SPM (SPM) se caracteriza por la aparición cíclica de síntomas físicos, psicológicos y de comportamiento antes del ciclo menstrual. De la literatura se desprende que es un problema común en todo el mundo, ya que 77.5% de las mujeres encuestadas afirmaron presentarlo y que tiene un impacto significativo en sus vidas.
Objetivos: Este estudio se propuso determinar la incidencia, la intensidad y los factores predictivos del SPM entre un grupo de adolescentes hindués.
Entorno y diseño: Un colegio privado de enfermería en Kerala, India. Método mixto, con diseño descriptivo.
Métodos y material: La muestra consistió de 100 estudiantes que cumplieron los criterios de selección por muestreo aleatorio, para evaluar la incidencia y la intensidad de la presencia del SPM (cuantitativas). De ellas, se seleccionaron 10 estudiantes para una discusión en grupo focal (DFG) con el fin de determinar los predictores cualitativos del SPM. Incidencia e intensidad del SPM se evaluaron mediante la herramienta de criterios de diagnóstico, estandarizados por Stainer y Wilkin, se seleccionaron 10 estudiantes voluntarias con criterios >10 (moderado y grave) para la DFG.
Análisis estadístico utilizado: temático y descriptivo.
Resultados: 86% de las participantes experimentaban SPM; 24% declararon síntomas leves, 54% y 8% moderados y graves, respectivamente. El análisis reveló que tanto factores intrínsecos como extrínsecos influyen sobre la presencia y experiencia del SPM.
Conclusiones: El SPM es un importante problema de salud en el que influyen factores relacionados con el estilo de vida de las adolescentes, va en aumento y urge motivar continuamente a las adolescentes mediante programas educativos.
Palabras clave: grupo de discusión, síndrome pre menstrual.
Mensaje clave: La menstruación es un fenómeno biológico normal y todas las mujeres fértiles deberían aceptar con gratitud tener el poder de procrear. El alivio de los síntomas del SPM empieza por un cambio de actitud, que consiste en que las mujeres piensen de forma diferente sobre sus ciclos y modifiquen su estilo de vida para llevar una vida más productiva.
Citas
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