Evaluación de los conocimientos y prácticas relacionados con la hepatitis C entre pacientes de una comunidad rural en Pakistán / Assessing knowledge and practices related to hepatitis c among patients in a rural community in Pakistan
Resumen
Antecedentes: La hepatitis C es un importante problema de salud a escala mundial, con una elevada carga de morbilidad en países en desarrollo como Pakistán. Las comunidades rurales de Pakistán tienen un conocimiento limitado sobre su transmisión,prevención y control. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los conocimientos y las prácticas relacionados con la hepatitis C entre los pacientes de la comunidad rural de LasiGoth, Gadap Town, Karachi.
Material y métodología:Serealizó una encuesta cuantitativa transversal entre 150 pacientes adultos (>18 años) con infección conocida por hepatitis C en LasiGoth. Los datos se recabaron mediante entrevistas cara a cara utilizando un cuestionario estructurado. El cuestionario recogía información sociodemográfica, conocimientos sobre la hepatitis C (agente causal, síntomas, transmisión), actitudes hacia su prevención y prácticas relacionadas. Se utilizó posteriormente estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos.
Resultados: De los 150 participantes, el 55% eran varones y la edad media era de 25 años. La mayoría (69.3%) había oído hablar de la hepatitis C, siendo sus principales fuentes la televisión (28.7%) y otras personas (38.7%). Sus conocimientos sobre la hepatitis C son escasos: menos de la mitad conocía el agente causal (42%) y los síntomas (41.3%). Alrededor del 55% sabía que se contagia de persona a persona, principalmente por transmisión sanguínea (38%), uso compartido de cuchillas de afeitar/cepillos (4.7%), consumo de drogas inyectables (12%), transmisión de madre a hijo (18.7%) y contacto sexual (26.7%). La mayoría (76%) creía que la hepatitis C se podía prevenir mediante el análisis de sangre (20%), evitando compartir maquinillas de afeitar/cepillos (37.3%) y evitando que las personas infectadas donasen sangre (24.7%). Sólo el 18% declaró que sus familias participaban en los esfuerzos de prevención. Una elevada proporción (88%) utilizaba fármacos contra la hepatitis C y el 54.7% se vacunó contra la hepatitis B.
Conclusiones: Los pacientes de la comunidad rural tenían conocimientos limitados sobre las vías de transmisión de la hepatitis C y las medidas de prevención. Se necesitan campañas educativas, culturalmente apropiadas para concientizar a las comunidades rurales sobre los riesgos, las estrategias de prevención y el control de la infección por hepatitis C.
Palabras clave: Hepatitis C, Comunidad rural, Estudio transversal, Prevención, Pakistán
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