Problemas que enfrentan las mujeres en transición menopáusica y apoyo familiar que reciben en Pinarayi Panchayat, Kerala, India. Un estudio cualitativo / Exploring the problems faced by menopausal women and the impact of family support during menopausal transition in Pinarayi Panchayat, Kerala: A qualitative study
Resumen
La perimenopausia marca el inicio de la fase de cambio desde el ciclo reproductivo al no reproductivo. A pesar de que se trata de una transición normal de la vida, nuevos estudios han demostrado que los problemas que surgen y el apoyo familiar con que cuenten pueden repercutir sobresu calidad de vida. Casi todo estudio previo analiza la frecuencia, la familiaridad y el conocimiento de la mujer sobre los síntomas de la menopausia, pero no muestran los problemas a los que se enfrentan durante la etapa perimenopáusica. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los problemas biopsicosociales y el nivel de apoyo familiar con el que cuentan. Para este estudio se adoptó un enfoque de investigación cualitativa. Nuestra muestra estuvo compuesta por 20 mujeres menopáusicas reclutadas mediante la técnica de muestreo intencional bajo ciertos criterios de muestreo. Mediante el uso de una guía de entrevista, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad entre las mujeres de la muestra hasta que se produjo la saturación de datos. El análisis temático reveló que los problemas biopsicosociales están presentes desde su período de transición, y que la falta de apoyo familiar afecta totalmente su bienestar subjetivo. De ahí la importancia de estrategias de promoción de la salud, especialmente entre mujeres de edad madura. Es urgente motivarlas continuamente con un programa educativo sobre la perimenopausia y las modificaciones de estilo de vida relevantes para prevenirenfermedades cardiovasculares, así como la osteoporosis, que hoy en día es bastante común en las mujeres a partir de los 60 años.
Palabras clave :problemas biopsicosociales, entrevista en profundidad y menopausia
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