Factores determinantes de los conocimientos de prevención y transmisión de VIH/SIDA en mujeres de 15 a 49 años. Un análisis de tendencias basado en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud de Bangladesh
Palabras clave:
conocimientos sobre prevención del VIH/SIDA, conocimientos sobre transmisión del VIH/SIDA, Encuesta Nacional de Salud de BangladeshResumen
Antecedentes: El número de casos de VIH/SIDA aumenta día a día. Ha aumentado más de un 300% en los últimos siete años (de 1,207 casos en 2007 a 3,674 en 2014). Nuestro estudio está relacionado con la prevención y la transmisión del VIH/sida y tuvo como objetivo ponderar los factores en juego en torno a la prevención del VIH / SIDA y el conocimiento sobre su transmisión entre mujeres en edad reproductiva de Bangladesh de 2007 a 2014. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio comparativo transversal retrospectivo basado en datos secundarios de la BDHS sobre conocimientos de la transmisión del VIH/SIDA y métodos de prevención. En el estudio se incluyó a un total de 46,608 individuos no ponderados, mujeres alguna vez casadas (15-49 años). Se utilizó una regresión logística multinomial para examinar el efecto de las variables explicativas sobre el conocimiento de la transmisión y prevención del VIH. Resultados: La prevalencia de conocimientos sobre los métodos de prevención y transmisión del VIH/SIDA mostró una tendencia de aumento significativo, pero se observó que los conocimientos sobre los métodos de prevención del VIH/SIDA eran inferiores a los conocimientos sobre la transmisión. La diferencia media de los conocimientos sobre la transmisión del VIH/SIDA fue del 62% [(95% del IC: 60%-64%), valor de p < 0.001], mientras que la diferencia media de los conocimientos sobre los métodos de prevención del VIH/SIDA fue del 50% [(95% del IC: 37%-63%), valor de p 0.004]. Para 2007, el índice de riqueza, la región, la educación superior y el tipo de residencia; para 2011, el índice de riqueza, la educación superior y el tipo de residencia; y para 2014, la edad, el estado civil, el índice de riqueza y la educación superior, respectivamente, mostraron tener asociaciones significativas con el nivel de conocimiento sobre la transmisión y prevención del VIH/SIDA. Así, las variables educación superior e índice de riqueza resultaron significativas para todo el periodo 2007-2014.
Conclusiones: Los conocimientos sobre la prevención y la transmisión del VIH/SIDA (nivel medio y alto) aumentaron. En la región de Khulna, el nivel de conocimientos era bajo. Y en nuestro estudio, otro hallazgo significativo fue la importancia de la educación. Para aumentar los conocimientos, los responsables políticos deberían organizar programas de educación sanitaria relacionados con el VIH/SIDA prestando especial atención a la región y al nivel educativo de la población.
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