Factores de riesgo en el retraso al crecimiento entre niños de 24 a 59 meses: un estudio de casos y controles en áreas rurales de Yogyakarta, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v19i1.2026.2019Palabras clave:
risk factors, stunting, breastfeeding, birth length, socioeconomicResumen
Antecedentes. La atrofia en el crecimiento sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en materia de nutrición para los países en desarrollo, incluida Indonesia, y está influida por múltiples factores a diferentes niveles. Objetivos. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores de riesgo para retraso en el crecimiento entre los niños de dos a cinco años de los subdistritos de Pleret y Pajangan, distrito de Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Métodos. Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles entre enero y marzo de 2019 con 98 niños (49 casos y 49 controles) seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio de etapas múltiples. Los casos se definieron como niños con una puntuación z de altura para la edad (HAZ) < -2 SD, y los controles como niños con HAZ > +2 SD. Se utilizó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple para examinar los factores de riesgo del retraso del crecimiento, ajustando por características del niño, los padres y el hogar. Resultados. Los niños que fueron amamantados durante 12-23 meses (AOR = 0,14; IC 95%: 0,02-0,82) o durante más de 24 meses (AOR = 0,21; IC 95%: 0,05-0,87) tenían menos probabilidades de sufrir retraso del crecimiento. La corta duración del parto aumentaba el riesgo de retraso en el crecimiento (AOR = 3,94; IC 95%: 1,40-11,1), mientras que un mayor nivel económico del hogar resultaba protector (AOR = 0,17; IC 95%: 0,04-0,66). Conclusiones. La duración de la lactancia materna, la duración del parto y la situación económica del hogar se asocian significativamente con el retraso del crecimiento. Reforzar la promoción de la lactancia materna y aplicar intervenciones específicas y sensibles puede acelerar el progreso hacia la reducción del retraso del crecimiento y la mejora de los resultados del crecimiento infantil.
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